Startup/Shutdown

You can also use startup pfile.
 * Startup nomount: It opens init file
 * Startup mount: It opens control file
 * Startup (Alter database open), Startup read only, startup recover; opens redo log files and data files refered in the control file; if one of the redo log file is missing or data file is missing, it informs you about the first and again for data files, background process trace files are written too. You can use v$recoverfile, v$logfile,v$datafile for recovery.
 * Startup force, startup restrict (alter database enable/disable restricted session)
 * Shutdown normal, it waits for all connections to disconnect and for all transcations
 * Shutdown transctional; It doesnt wait for all connections but for transcations
 * Shutdown immediate l it doesnt wait for both but rollbacks.
 * Shutdown abort; it doesnt wait for all and doesnt rollback. Instance recovery is required.